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Thursday, 24 September 2026

A very powerful storytelling case study for Design Thinking + Innovation + Entrepreneurship

 🍛 The Biryani Story — From a Logistics Problem to an Innovation

“Biryani was not the problem. The problem was how to feed people.”

Imagine a group of soldiers stationed far away from the city — perhaps at a remote camp or along a border.




They needed food that was:

  • Nutritious
  • Filling
  • Easy to prepare
  • Easy to transport
  • Capable of serving many people
  • Less likely to spill during transportation

But imagine how food might have been transported.

The old method

One vessel carried cooked rice.

Another carried gravy/curry.

Another carried meat or side dishes.

Another might carry accompaniments.

So one meal could require multiple vessels.

And that created multiple problems.


🚨 PROBLEM 1: TOO MANY VESSELS

More vessels meant:

More weight → More space → More handling → More transportation effort

The logistics became complicated.

And remember:

Every additional vessel is another item that has to be carried, cleaned, stored and managed.


🚨 PROBLEM 2: SPILLAGE

Now imagine transporting liquid gravy over long distances.

The vehicle moves.

The vessels shake.

The lids aren't perfect.

The road isn't smooth.

Result?

Spillage.

And once gravy spills:

Less food reaches the soldiers.


🚨 PROBLEM 3: FOOD WASTAGE

Spillage means:

Food lost → Money/resources lost → People remain hungry

So the real problem wasn't:

“How do we make a tastier rice dish?”

The real problem was:

“How do we efficiently transport and serve a complete meal to people in remote locations?”

That is a problem statement.


💡 Then comes the Innovation

Someone could have asked:

“Why are we transporting rice and gravy separately?”

Why not combine them?

Instead of:

Rice + Gravy + Meat + Multiple Vessels

Create:

ONE COMPLETE MEAL IN ONE VESSEL

Rice absorbs the flavour and moisture from the cooking process, while the ingredients become integrated into one dish.

And now look at what happened.


BEFORE

🍚 Rice
↓
🥘 Gravy
↓
🍗 Meat
↓
🥣 Side dishes
↓
🚚 Multiple vessels
↓
⚠️ More logistics
↓
⚠️ More handling
↓
⚠️ Greater possibility of spillage


AFTER

🍛 BIRYANI

Rice + Meat + Spices + Cooking liquid

↓

ONE COOKING SYSTEM

↓

ONE PRIMARY VESSEL

↓

ONE TRANSPORTABLE MEAL

↓

LESS HANDLING

↓

LESS LIQUID SPILLAGE DURING TRANSPORT

↓

SIMPLER LOGISTICS


And THAT is Innovation!

This is where you turn to the students and say:

“Did they invent rice?”

No.

“Did they invent meat?”

No.

“Did they invent spices?”

No.

“Did they invent cooking?”

No.

Then what did they innovate?

They changed the way existing ingredients were combined and delivered to solve a real-world problem.


🎯 The Design Thinking Connection start at 0:32



Now map the story onto Design Thinking.

1. EMPATHIZE

Understand the people.

Who?

Soldiers in remote locations.

What do they need?

A nutritious meal that can be transported efficiently.


2. DEFINE

Identify the real problem.

“How might we transport a complete meal to remote locations with minimum vessels, handling and risk of spillage?”

That's a much better problem statement than:

“Let's invent a new rice dish.”


3. IDEATE

Possible ideas:

Idea A: Better containers

Idea B: Smaller vessels

Idea C: Stronger lids

Idea D: Transport ingredients separately

Idea E: Combine the ingredients into one complete meal

This is where the breakthrough can happen.


4. PROTOTYPE

Don't immediately feed an army.

Try a small batch.

10 people → 20 people → 100 people

Check:

  • Taste
  • Quantity
  • Transportation
  • Shelf stability
  • Ease of serving
  • Wastage
  • Cost

5. TEST

Take it to the real environment.

Transport it.

Open the vessel.

Serve it.

Ask:

Did we actually solve the original problem?

That's Design Thinking.


🚀 Now Give Students the BIG Entrepreneurial Lesson

Tell them:

The innovation wasn't in the ingredient.

The innovation was in:

PROCESS + PRODUCT + LOGISTICS

And that's exactly what entrepreneurs do.

They look at:

“What is unnecessarily difficult?”

and ask:

“Can I redesign this?”


🥛 Then Connect It to Your Milk Example

Now say:

“And this didn't stop with biryani.”

Look at milk.

Metal vessel

Problem: heavy, difficult logistics, limited convenience.

↓

Glass bottle

Improvement: better containment and reusable packaging.

But...

New problem: heavy + breakable.

↓

Plastic pouch

Improvement: lightweight + lower packaging cost + easier transportation.

But...

New challenges: handling, waste, refrigeration requirements.

↓

Aseptic/Tetra Pak carton

New problem statement:

“Can milk be packaged so that appropriate products have a much longer shelf life, are easy to transport and are protected from environmental exposure?”

↓

New solution

Aseptic carton packaging

The lesson:

Innovation doesn't stop when you solve one problem.

Because:

Every solution creates new problems.

And those new problems create the next generation of entrepreneurs.


🔥 Give Them This Powerful Framework

Put this on the screen:

THE INNOVATION CHAIN

Problem

↓

Pain Point

↓

Observation

↓

Question

↓

New Idea

↓

Prototype

↓

Testing

↓

Improvement

↓

Value

↓

Business

Then say:

“Don't start with the business. Start with the pain.”


🎓 Bring It Back to Their College Life

Now ask the students:

“What is the biryani problem in your college?”

They will probably laugh.

Then clarify:

I don't mean food!

I mean:

What is something that is unnecessarily difficult?

For example:

Long canteen queues

Problem:

Students spend 20 minutes waiting.

Possible innovation:

Pre-order + digital token + pickup counter


Internship search

Problem:

Students don't know where to find genuine internships.

Possible innovation:

Verified internship marketplace + college skill profile + matching system


Placement preparation

Problem:

Students attend training but don't know what skills employers actually require.

Possible innovation:

Job-description → skill-gap analysis → personalized learning pathway


College notes

Problem:

Students search through WhatsApp groups for PDFs.

Possible innovation:

Centralized searchable academic repository


Hostel complaints

Problem:

Complaints are made verbally and forgotten.

Possible innovation:

Ticket-based maintenance system with status tracking


💰 And Now Entrepreneurship Enters

Tell them:

“Solving a problem is innovation. Solving it repeatedly, sustainably and profitably is entrepreneurship.”

For example:

Problem

Students waste 20 minutes in the canteen.

Innovation

Pre-order system.

Entrepreneurship

Build it for:

1 college → 5 colleges → 50 colleges → 500 colleges

Now ask:

Who pays?

  • College?
  • Canteen?
  • Students?
  • Food vendors?

That's when the student moves from:

INNOVATOR → ENTREPRENEUR


🎤 Your Closing Story

I would finish your 30-minute session with this:

“Imagine someone had looked at the soldiers carrying several vessels of food and said, ‘This is how food has always been transported.’ Nothing would have changed.”

“But someone asked a different question: Why are we carrying everything separately?”

“That question creates innovation.”

“The same thing happened again and again — with packaging, transportation, communication, banking, education and technology.”

“The world doesn't always need someone to invent something completely new.”

“Sometimes the world needs someone who looks at something everyone accepts and asks…”

‘WHY ARE WE DOING IT THIS WAY?’

That question is the beginning of innovation.

And when you turn that innovation into value for other people, you begin entrepreneurship.

Final slide

DON'T LOOK FOR AN IDEA.

LOOK FOR A PROBLEM.

Observe. Question. Solve. Test. Improve. Scale.

“The entrepreneur sees what everyone else has become comfortable ignoring.”

 

Innovation & Entrepreneurship

“Don’t Start With a Product. Start With a Problem.”

30-Minute Interactive Session

Core message

Innovation is not about creating something completely new.
It is about seeing an existing problem differently and creating a better solution.


1. Opening Hook – The Biryani Story 🍛 | 3 minutes

Start by asking:

“Why does biryani taste different when you eat it at a restaurant, at a wedding, from a parcel, or after two hours?”

Then tell them:

Imagine someone says:

“I want to start a biryani business.”

The first question should NOT be:

❌ What biryani should I sell?

Instead ask:

“What problem am I solving?”

Now imagine four different customers.

Customer

Real Problem

Possible Innovation

College student

Affordable, tasty lunch

₹50–₹80 student meal

Office employee

No time to wait

Pre-order + scheduled pickup

Family

Want biryani at home

Family pack

Traveller

Wants biryani without spilling

Leak-proof travel packaging

Fitness-conscious customer

Wants controlled quantity

Portion-controlled biryani

Vegetarian customer

Wants biryani experience

Vegetable/mushroom/paneer variants

Event organiser

Need 500+ meals consistently

Bulk production + standardized recipe

The lesson:

The product is biryani.
The innovation is solving a specific customer's problem.


2. Design Thinking Through Biryani | 5 minutes

Draw this on the board:

EMPATHIZE → DEFINE → IDEATE → PROTOTYPE → TEST

Then tell the students:

Step 1 – EMPATHIZE 👩‍🎓

Suppose you observe college students.

You discover:

“Students don't necessarily hate the food available around college. Their problem is that they have only 30 minutes for lunch.”

That's different.

The problem isn't:

“Students need better biryani.”

It could be:

“Students need a tasty, affordable meal that they can obtain quickly within their limited break time.”


Step 2 – DEFINE

Convert the observation into a problem statement:

How might we provide students with an affordable and tasty meal that can be purchased and consumed within 30 minutes?

This is a How Might We (HMW) question.


Step 3 – IDEATE 💡

Students brainstorm:

  • Pre-order through WhatsApp
  • QR-code ordering
  • 10-minute pickup counter
  • Subscription lunch
  • Student combo
  • Digital token system
  • Pre-packed portions
  • Delivery to classroom/block

Now innovation starts happening.


Step 4 – PROTOTYPE

Don't build a restaurant!

Start with:

20 biryani packets → 20 students → one day.

Measure:

  • Waiting time
  • Price acceptance
  • Taste
  • Quantity
  • Packaging
  • Repeat purchase

Step 5 – TEST

Ask:

“Would you buy this again tomorrow?”

If 15 say yes → improve.

If 5 say yes → investigate why.

If nobody buys → don't be emotionally attached to your idea.

Go back to the problem.


3. The Milk Story – Innovation Is Often an Evolution | 5 minutes

This is an excellent story for students because it demonstrates that innovation often happens step-by-step.

Tell them:

Imagine how milk packaging evolved.

Stage 1 – Metal vessel

Problem:

Milk had to be transported and consumed quickly.

Challenges:

  • Heavy
  • Difficult to transport
  • Cleaning required
  • Limited convenience
  • Short practical storage period

Then came...

Stage 2 – Glass bottles

The problem changed.

Glass bottles offered:

  • Better containment
  • Reusable packaging
  • Easier portioning
  • More convenient distribution

But new problems appeared:

  • Heavy
  • Breakable
  • Transport cost
  • Collection and cleaning

Then...

Stage 3 – Plastic pouches

Now innovators asked:

“Can we make milk packaging cheaper, lighter and easier to transport?”

Plastic pouches addressed several problems:

  • Lightweight
  • Low packaging cost
  • Easy transportation
  • Convenient distribution
  • Disposable packaging

But new challenges emerged:

  • Limited protection from damage
  • Difficult handling after opening
  • Dependence on refrigeration
  • Plastic waste concerns

Then...

Stage 4 – Tetra Pak / aseptic cartons

Now the problem became bigger:

“Can we make milk safer, easier to transport and capable of staying usable for much longer without conventional refrigeration before opening?”

Aseptic carton packaging addressed multiple requirements:

  • Longer shelf life for appropriate products
  • Lightweight
  • Easy transportation
  • Stackability
  • Protection from light and air
  • Convenient storage
  • Better distribution over long distances

The big lesson:

The milk didn't change dramatically.

The problem surrounding the milk changed.

And innovators kept asking:

“What is inconvenient about the current solution?”


4. Connect It to Everyday Products | 5 minutes

Give them these examples.

🥤 Water Bottle

Initially:

Glass bottle

Problem → heavy + breakable

↓

Plastic bottle

Problem solved → lightweight + inexpensive

↓

Reusable bottles

New problem identified → plastic waste

↓

Steel / insulated bottles

New value → reuse + temperature retention

Innovation lesson:

Every solution creates new opportunities for the next innovation.


5. From Problem → Innovation: Real-World Examples

Example 1 – UPI

Old problem:

“I don't have cash.”

Then:

“I don't have exact change.”

Then:

“I don't want to carry cash.”

Digital payment systems addressed these friction points.

Innovation isn't simply digital technology.

It is:

Technology + customer problem + convenience.


Example 2 – Swiggy / Zomato-type food delivery

The problem wasn't:

“People don't have restaurants.”

The problem was:

“I want food from a restaurant, but I don't want to travel, wait, or coordinate the pickup myself.”

Innovation connected:

Restaurant + customer + delivery + digital ordering + payment + tracking.


Example 3 – Ola/Uber-type mobility

The problem wasn't:

“There are no cars.”

There were already millions of cars.

The problem included:

  • Finding a vehicle
  • Knowing availability
  • Negotiating
  • Waiting
  • Payment uncertainty
  • Lack of tracking

Technology reorganized the existing resources around the customer's problem.


6. A Powerful Example for Women Students – Sanitary Products | 3 minutes

Ask:

“What is the problem with a sanitary pad?”

Don't immediately accept:

“It is a hygiene product.”

Ask deeper questions.

Potential problem statements could involve:

  • Affordability
  • Availability
  • Disposal
  • Leakage
  • Comfort
  • Access in rural areas
  • School/college availability
  • Sustainability
  • Privacy when purchasing
  • Disposal infrastructure

Now students can think about:

Could we innovate the product?

OR

Could we innovate the packaging?

OR

Could we innovate the distribution?

OR

Could we innovate the business model?

OR

Could we innovate the awareness system?

That's entrepreneurship.


7. Another Powerful Story – The Auto/Taxi Problem | 2 minutes

Ask:

“Did ride-hailing companies invent cars?”

No.

“Did they invent roads?”

No.

“Did they invent passengers?”

No.

They changed the connection between existing resources.

Driver + vehicle + passenger + location + payment + technology

became one integrated service.

Entrepreneurial lesson:

You don't always need to invent a new technology.
Sometimes you need to connect existing technologies, people and resources in a new way.


8. The Innovation Formula | 2 minutes

Put this on the screen:

OBSERVE → IDENTIFY → QUESTION → CREATE → TEST → IMPROVE

Or even simpler:

Problem → Insight → Idea → Prototype → Feedback → Solution

Then tell them:

“Don't fall in love with your idea. Fall in love with solving the customer's problem.”


9. 2-Minute Student Challenge 🚀

Ask every student to look around the college.

Give them 60 seconds.

Ask them to identify ONE problem.

Examples:

  • Canteen queue
  • Parking
  • Drinking water
  • Library
  • Transport
  • Hostel
  • Attendance
  • Assignments
  • Notes
  • Finding classrooms
  • College events
  • Lost items
  • Waste management
  • Menstrual hygiene
  • Internship opportunities
  • Placement preparation
  • Communication with administration

Then give them this template:

MY INNOVATION CANVAS

1. Who has the problem?


2. What exactly is the problem?


3. Why does the problem exist?


4. What is the current solution?


5. What is wrong with the current solution?


6. How might we improve it?


7. Can I create a simple prototype?


8. Who will pay for the solution?



10. Entrepreneurship – The Missing Question 💰

Now introduce the difference:

Innovation asks:

“Can we solve this problem better?”

Entrepreneurship asks:

“Can we create a sustainable business around solving this problem?”

For example:

Problem

College students need affordable healthy food.

Innovation

Pre-ordered healthy meal subscription.

Entrepreneurship

100 students × ₹80 × 22 days

= ₹1,76,000 monthly revenue

Then students need to investigate:

  • Food cost
  • Packaging
  • Staff
  • Rent
  • Delivery
  • Technology
  • Marketing
  • Wastage
  • Profit margin

Now an idea becomes a business model.


Closing Story – The Biryani Lesson 🍛

End with this story:

“Imagine two people selling biryani.”

Person A says:

“I make the best biryani.”

Person B says:

“I understand my customer's problem.”

Person B discovers:

Students have only 30 minutes.

So she designs:

Pre-order → Digital payment → Pre-packed meal → Dedicated pickup → 5-minute collection

She didn't invent biryani.

She didn't invent rice.

She didn't invent chicken.

She didn't invent the food container.

She simply understood the problem better.

And that's where innovation began.


Final Message to Students

Put this on the final slide:

DON'T ASK:

“What business can I start?”

ASK:

“What problem can I solve?”

Observe → Empathize → Define → Ideate → Prototype → Test → Improve → Monetize

“The next big entrepreneur may not be the person with the biggest idea.
It may be the person who notices the smallest problem that everyone else has ignored.”

One-line takeaway

“Innovation begins when curiosity meets a real problem; entrepreneurship begins when that solution creates value for someone willing to pay for it.”

 

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